Science Projects

Circular Supply Chain Integration for EV Battery Reuse

A UK-based EV fleet and service network was seeing a growing volume of end-of-life battery packs returning from vehicles. The returns were inconsistent: some packs arrived with good remaining capacity, others were degraded or damaged, and many lacked complete service history. The company wanted to capture value through second-life applications and recycling, but the supply chain was not designed for circular flows. Batteries were being stored too long, routing decisions were slow, and compliance documentation varied site to site—creating cost, risk, and missed revenue.